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romero_making_war_and_minting_christians [2026/01/23 16:25] – [Religion] added a comment 199.111.65.11romero_making_war_and_minting_christians [2026/01/23 21:57] (current) – jjardine
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 English Christians sought to have their practice of Christianity associated with their masculinity. The Church as a concept/organization was praised when it was "manly", and being a good man meant being a good Christian as well. (Ezra Carper) English Christians sought to have their practice of Christianity associated with their masculinity. The Church as a concept/organization was praised when it was "manly", and being a good man meant being a good Christian as well. (Ezra Carper)
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 +This reading shows a lot of the major differences between Native and Puritan religions and masculinity. In the Native culture, masculinity was drawn on perfect physical skill as well as supernatural ability. There was not much difference between the spiritual and physical accomplishments, however, winning or succeeding in a hunt or sport was seen as a sign of achieved manhood and marksmanship. In the Puritan culture, Christianity was tied in very close with masculinity, success, and societal structure. In New England, the Church was seen as “manly” when it was strong, and in consequence, men who followed strict religious rules were seen as performing the ideals of manly qualities.   -Caroline Cochran
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 ===== Manhood as an Accomplishment ===== ===== Manhood as an Accomplishment =====
 Both Indigenous communities and Anglo-American colonists viewed manhood not as something intrinsic, but as something that had to be accomplished. However, differing views on what skills and activities led to manhood were based on differing cultural contexts. Indigenous communities emphasized the importance of individual accomplishments, especially as related to physical and spiritual power, in the process of accomplishing manhood. Anglo-Americans tended to emphasize the cultivation of a skill or craft as well as a man's independence and ability to establish his own household and family. (Cameron Spivy) Both Indigenous communities and Anglo-American colonists viewed manhood not as something intrinsic, but as something that had to be accomplished. However, differing views on what skills and activities led to manhood were based on differing cultural contexts. Indigenous communities emphasized the importance of individual accomplishments, especially as related to physical and spiritual power, in the process of accomplishing manhood. Anglo-Americans tended to emphasize the cultivation of a skill or craft as well as a man's independence and ability to establish his own household and family. (Cameron Spivy)
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 In both Colonial and Native society, spirituality was an important part of acquiring manhood. Native society placed value on rituals and physical capabilities. Boys were expected to be able to prove themselves in fields of hunting, running, sports, games, and swimming. Demonstration of these skills proved that a Native boy had become a man. Colonial men still used spirituality as a marker of who is a man, but in a different sense. Men were not made by a ritual, but they were maintained by piety and adherence to the word of God. One who strayed from the righteous path was deemed less manly. (Tanner Gillikin) In both Colonial and Native society, spirituality was an important part of acquiring manhood. Native society placed value on rituals and physical capabilities. Boys were expected to be able to prove themselves in fields of hunting, running, sports, games, and swimming. Demonstration of these skills proved that a Native boy had become a man. Colonial men still used spirituality as a marker of who is a man, but in a different sense. Men were not made by a ritual, but they were maintained by piety and adherence to the word of God. One who strayed from the righteous path was deemed less manly. (Tanner Gillikin)
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 +This piece presents not only the views of masculinity of the puritans into light but also by touching on the native ideals of manhood and the behaviors that go along with it, it serves as a window into seeing the relationships that would form between these two groups. How the differences between them create social friction in some instances like the role of games and sport in Native culture clashing with European puritan values, whilst also creating some semblance of similarity for instance through the emphasis on public speech in both cultures views of masculinity. (J.D.J)
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 +This piece lays out many of the cultural differences between the “accomplishment” of manhood, specifically, as we discussed in class, surrounding the idea of leisure. The Puritans believed that, if somebody was able to be at leisure, they were sinning. Therefore, in order to be a good christian, they would have to be working, spending time with the family, or practicing religion. Because of this, they saw the Native Americans, who were often in sport –whether that be hunting, gaming, or playing– as lazy and sinning people. They viewed them as not having accomplished their notion of manhood. However, the native people saw the colonists as doing, what they deemed, as “women’s jobs” such as farming. They didn’t see Puritan men achieving in sport, and therefore did not accept them as having achieved masculinity either.  -Caroline Cochran
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 +As others have stated, both Native American and Anglo-American colonist cultures portrayed manhood as something that must be accomplished, but their views on how exactly this should be done differed in many ways. Native American boys and men enjoyed games like puim and hubbub that offered them a competitive outlet to demonstrate their masculine abilities. The colonists, however, saw these games as sinful, believing them to be like gambling. Things like hunting and gaming, which were incredibly important to Native American manhood, were seen as lazy by the colonists, who instead prioritized a manhood consisting of farming and achieving patriarchal authority through marriage and  converting people to Christianity. (Noah Rutkowski)
  
  
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 This article also discusses in relation to power; the importance of oratory skills in proving manhood. In the case of native men, they needed to be not only great speakers, but there was also value in displaying wit. It is interesting to see that native and colonial manhood was partially determined in this way because they seem to be two sides of the same coin, as well as being seen a proof of the importance of a man needing to be influential in order to prove manhood. (Hannah Covin) This article also discusses in relation to power; the importance of oratory skills in proving manhood. In the case of native men, they needed to be not only great speakers, but there was also value in displaying wit. It is interesting to see that native and colonial manhood was partially determined in this way because they seem to be two sides of the same coin, as well as being seen a proof of the importance of a man needing to be influential in order to prove manhood. (Hannah Covin)
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 +Romero’s article shows masculinity not as a series of nested hierarchies, but instead as a household. It envisions the Puritan's view on the patriarchy as a two way series of mutual obligations within a household with the father at the top of the household, offering his family protection and security, while his family offers him labour and loyalty/obedience. It also lays out some of the differences in gender equality between the Puritans and the Natives, showing how the natives would work in a more gender secluded system.  -Caroline Cochran
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